From the ground
Look for missing, curled or cracked shingles, dark streaks of granule loss and sagging lines. Check the gutters for granules, which are a sign of aging.
Binoculars help you see without climbing.
In the attic
Look for daylight, water stains on the decking and damp insulation. Check ventilation and any musty smells.
Leaks can travel, so the stain is often not directly below the hole.
After hail or wind
Hail leaves dimples or bruises on shingles and dents in soft metals like vents and gutters. Wind can lift and crease shingles.
A professional inspection can tell if damage is enough to repair or file a claim.
Repair or replace
Small problems can be repaired. Widespread damage or an old roof usually means replacement. Ask your roofer about the condition of the decking and ventilation, not just shingles.
Get the scope in writing.
